Cognitive architecture and adaptive item routing
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SOTA-TN-2026-03·Human Capability · 2026

Cognitive Assessment Engine

Designing computational systems that interact with human reasoning.

Systems Engineering Team · Daniel Mahandana · The Sota Lab
Abstract

Fixed-length examinations force candidates through dozens of uninformative questions. Our adaptive engine dynamically routes evaluation items based on current posterior variance and Fisher information, converging to stable capability bounds in 42% fewer observations.

01 / Information Gain Dynamics

Active Bayesian Item Routing

Each interaction evaluates the candidate's current belief state P(θ | E) against the item characteristic curve. The item yielding the highest expected variance reduction is selected.

01 · DATAObserve Outcome02 · INFERENCEBayesian Update03 · UNCERTAINTYQuantify Variance (σ)04 · SELECTIONMax Info Gain (k*)↺

Figure 15.1 · Active inference loop: Belief informs next measurement · Measurement informs belief.

02 / Live Simulation Harness

Interactive Adaptive Loop

04 · ADAPTIVE ENGINE & LAB NOTEBOOKhypothesised
13

Research Limitations: What this model does not know

A credible research programme makes its boundaries and assumptions explicit.

The current models are intentionally minimal baseline formulations. They operate under specific simplifying assumptions that will be expanded in subsequent research phases:

[01]

Binary Observations Only

Responses are strictly coded as y ∈ {0, 1}, ignoring partial credit or nuances.

[02]

No Task Difficulty Calibration

Currently treats solving an easy task as equivalent to solving a hard task.

[03]

Static Capability Assumption

Assumes latent θ remains constant during the assessment without fatigue or learning effects.

[04]

Synthetic & Unit-Test Scope

Evaluated on synthetic benchmark experiments, not yet calibrated on large-scale human cohort data.

14

What should we observe next? The Adaptive Loop

From passive observation to active information acquisition.

Once a system possesses both an estimate and an explicit measure of uncertainty, the fundamental research question changes:

"Suppose we currently believe θ ≈ 0.64. Which task should we administer next to learn the most about this person?"
01 · DATAObserve Outcome02 · INFERENCEBayesian Update03 · UNCERTAINTYQuantify Variance (σ)04 · SELECTIONMax Info Gain (k*)↺

Figure 15.1 · Active inference loop: Belief informs next measurement · Measurement informs belief.

The goal is not simply to administer more questions.
It is to select the observation expected to reduce uncertainty most.

16

Interactive Adaptive Engine

Manipulate current belief to see how the system reasons about optimal task selection.

ACTIVE INFERENCE SIMULATOR

Optimal Task: Task C (Medium)

Research Direction
θCurrent Capability Belief
0.64
0.10Adjust capability belief to inspect optimal task selection0.95

CANDIDATE TASKS ACROSS DIFFICULTY SPECTRUM

Task A (Very Easy)(d = 0.20)
P(Success) = 93%Info Gain = 0.25
Task B (Easy)(d = 0.40)
P(Success) = 81%Info Gain = 0.62
Task C (Medium)(d = 0.60)
P(Success) = 56%Info Gain = 0.99
Task D (Hard)(d = 0.80)
P(Success) = 28%Info Gain = 0.80
Task E (Very Hard)(d = 0.95)
P(Success) = 13%Info Gain = 0.47
Selection Rationale: For capability belief θ = 0.64, the system selects Task C (Medium) because its difficulty is closest to the participant's capability, maximizing outcome entropy and expected uncertainty reduction.
18

Lab Notebook & Unit Test Suite

Exposing development logs, test assertions, and reproducibility checks.

DEVELOPMENT EVIDENCE

Experiment Log PS-002B & Pytest Verification

EMA Tests4 / 4 PASSED

Boundary updates, step responses, learning rate scaling.

Bayesian Tests2 / 2 PASSED

Conjugate updates, variance decay, Beta(7,4) reproduction.

Total Suite6 / 6 PASSED

100% test pass rate across core inference engine.

pytest engine/tests/Python 3.11 · pytest-8.1.0
$ pytest -v engine/tests/test_baseline_inference.py
test_baseline_inference.py::test_neutral_prior_initialization PASSED [ 16%]
test_baseline_inference.py::test_ema_single_success_update PASSED [ 33%]
test_baseline_inference.py::test_ema_single_failure_update PASSED [ 50%]
test_baseline_inference.py::test_ema_learning_rate_dynamics PASSED [ 66%]
test_bayesian_inference.py::test_beta_binomial_ps002b_reproduction PASSED [ 83%]
test_bayesian_inference.py::test_variance_shrinkage_with_sample_volume PASSED [100%]
=== 6 passed in 0.04s ===
Citation (BibTeX)
@techreport{systems2026adaptive,
  author    = {Systems Engineering Team and Mahandana, Daniel},
  title     = {Adaptive Measurement via Maximum Information-Gain Item Routing},
  institution = {The Sota Lab},
  year      = {2026},
  url       = {https://sota-lab.lovable.app/research/cognitive-assessment}
}